A Vector-Controlled Distributed Generator Model for a Power Flow Based on a Three-Phase Current Injection Method

This paper proposes a vector-controlled distributed generator (DG) model for a power flow based on a three-phase current injection method (TCIM). In order to represent the DG models in the power flow, steady-state phase current output equations are formulated. Using these equations, the TCIM power flow formulation is modified to include the DG models. In the proposed power flow, a DG-connected bus is modeled as either a load bus (PQ bus) or a voltage-controlled bus (PV bus), depending on the control mode of the reactive power. However, unlike conventional bus models, the values of the DG-connected bus models are represented by three-phase quantities: three-phase active and reactive power output for a PQ bus, and three-phase active power and positive-sequence voltage for a PV bus. In addition, a method is proposed for representing the reactive power limit of a voltage-control-mode DG by using the q-axis current limit. Utilizing a modified IEEE 13-bus test system, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparison to the power systems computer aided design (PSCAD) model. Furthermore, the effect of the number of DGs on the convergence rate is analyzed, using the IEEE 123-bus test system.